Research on the Application of Electromagnetic Navigation Technology in Surgical Robots / 中国医疗器械杂志

Due to the need to achieve precise operations during surgery, in order to prevent hand tremors and poor surgical field of view, more and more surgical robots are used in surgical operations combined with navigation technology to meet the requirements for surgical accuracy. Open surgery such as orthopaedics, joint replacement and neurosurgery on the market generally use optical navigation systems to guide robots to achieve precise positioning, but optical navigation systems cannot be used for operations in areas with small surgical space. Therefore, a robotic surgical system based on electromagnetic navigation technology that can be applied to the craniofacial area was proposed. By using this robot, the problems of difficult operation and low precision caused by the narrow craniofacial space can be solved. Key techniques and considerations are studied. The function of the developed prototype is verified through model tests. The test results show that the surgical robot under the electromagnetic navigation technology can achieve precise surgical operations improve the success rate of the doctor's surgery and reduce postoperative complications.

Studies on the differentiation of human urine derived stem cells into nucleus pulposus-like cells induced by human nucleus pulposus cell exosomes / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of exosomes of human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) on the differentiation of urine derived stem cells (USCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells.Methods:USCs and NPCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. The exosomes of NPCs were extracted and detected by Western-blot. USCs cytoplasm was transfected with GFP lentivirus, while nucleus was transfected with DAPI dye. The NPCs exosomes were transfected with PKH26 dye. After co-incubation for 12 h, USCs and NPCs exosomes were observed by macroscopy. USCs differentiation was induced by NPCs exosomes and non-contact co-culture methods. The relative expression of marker gene mRNA of nucleus pulposus cells in each group and the absorbance at 450 nm wavelength were detected.Results:The isolated USCs had the ability to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes with high expression of marker CD29 (99.57%), CD44 (97.46%) and CD73 (97.71%) and with low expression of negative proteins CD31 (0.59%) and CD45 (0.19%). The isolated NPCs highly expressed nuclear pulposus cell marker COL2A1, ACAN and SOX-9. The exosomes extracted from NPCs showed high expression of exosome marker CD63, CD81 and Tsg101. After 12 h co-incubation, NPCs exosomes fused with USCs membrane and appeared in the cytoplasm of USCs. At 3, 5 and 7 days of co-culture, the absorbance value of USCs cells in exosome group (0.44±0.004, 0.76±0.004, 0.82±0.006) was higher than that in co-culture group (0.39±0.022, 0.63±0.035, 0.69±0.012) ( P<0.05). The mRNA relative expression of USCs nucleus pulposus marker genes ACAN (1.80±0.31, 3.50±0.21, 5.35±0.31, 7.46±0.12), COL2A1 (1.43±0.15, 4.33±0.23, 6.89±0.22, 8.11±0.31), SOX-9 (2.21±0.13, 3.13±0.11, 3.96± 0.14, 4.52±0.26) and HIF-1α (1.45±0.16, 2.14±0.21, 4.31±0.41, 4.01±0.25) in exosomes group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) at the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days. The mRNA relative expression of USCs nucleus pulposus marker genes ACAN (5.69±0.21, 6.69±0.13), COL2A1 (6.33±0.17, 7.89±0.15), SOX-9 (4.19±0.29, 4.38±0.12), HIF-1α (4.49±0.32, 4.96±0.26) in exosomes group were significantly higher than those ACAN (3.69±0.35, 5.13±0.23), COL2A1 (3.40±0.16, 6.79±0.19), SOX-9 (2.26±0.32, 3.69±0.26), HIF-1α (2.39±0.11, 3.96±0.13) in non-contact co-culture group ( P<0.05) at the 14th and 21st days. Conclusion:Human nucleus pulposus exosomes could induce differentiation of human USCs into nucleus pulposus-like cells in vitro. Compared with non-contact co-culture, exosomes have higher induction efficiency and can better maintain the proliferation activity of nucleus pulposus-like cells

Recent Advances in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis / 肿瘤防治研究

With the research progress on the biology and pathogenesis of cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have come into being, bringing a new hope for the survival of patients with advanced cancer and opening a new era of cancer immunotherapy. However, with the wide application of immunotherapy in clinical practice, ICI-related adverse events (irAEs) have gradually emerged and are widely known by first-line clinicians. ICIs primarily activate T cells that can attack normal tissues and organs in the body and cause a variety of adverse reactions. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is one of the rare complications with poor prognosis in irAEs. This article reviews the therapeutic mechanism of some ICIs; the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical and imaging manifestations of CIP; and the classification and treatment management of CIP.

Clinical Research Progress of Double Primary Cancers of Breast and Lung with Breast Cancer as the First Primary Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

The number of the patients with double primary cancers is increasing. Breast cancer and lung cancer are the two most common malignant tumors in women, seriously threatening the health of the majority of women. Although the lung is one of the most common metastatic sites of breast cancer, in recent years, there have been increasing cases of primary lung cancer in patients with breast cancer. The incidence of double primary cancers with breast cancer as the first primary cancer is much higher than that with lung cancer as the first primary cancer. Primary breast cancer is closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinicopathological features, diagnosis and treatment of double primary breast cancer and lung cancer with breast cancer as the first cancer.

Correlation of expression level of lncRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, chronic stress in childhood and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of expression level of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), chronic stress in childhood on cognitive function for providing scientific basis of prevention, intervention and rehabilitation of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients.Methods:Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to screen lncRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 100 schizophrenic patients who was recruited by convenient sampling, and all the patients were assessed by Montreal cognitive assessment-Beijing version (MoCA) and childhood chronic stress questionnaire (CCSQ). Mann-Whitney test, t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis were employed for data processing. Results:The ΔCt values of NONHSAT089447(5.07), NONHSAT041499(8.56) were higher ( Z=-2.38, -2.07, P<0.05) and scores of all three CCSQ dimensions were lower in higher MoCA goup than those in lower MOCA group (peer bullying: 42.36±11.13 vs 50.84±9.09, abuse and neglect: 55.08±14.22 vs 69.56±13.45, adverse life events: 47.64±12.21 vs 55.80±13.92, t=-2.20--3.70, P<0.05 or 0.01). The ΔCt value of NONHSAT089447, NONHSAT041499 positively correlated with scores of visuospatial-executive, language, abstraction and delayed recall ( r=0.43-0.75, P<0.01). All three CCSQ dimensions negatively correlated with scores of visuospatial-executive, attention, language, abstract thinking and delayed recall ( r=-0.40--0.62, P<0.05 or 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the ΔCt valueof NONHSAT089447, abuse and neglect in childhood significantly predicted the total score of MOCA, which could explained 31.9% of variation ( t=4.31, 5.89, P=0.007, 0.001). The ΔCt value of NONHSAT089447, NONHSAT041499 negatively correlated with peer bullying, abuse and neglect in childhood ( r=-0.39--0.53, all P<0.01). Conclusion:There are correlation in NONHSAT089447, NONHSAT041499 and chronic stress in childhood in patients with schizophrenia, which can jointly predict their cognitive function.

Research on gonadal phenotype and oleculardetection of 45, X/46, XY karyotype / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of gonads, the incidence of gonadal tumors and the detection results of SRY gene and Y chromosome microdeletions in 45, X/46, XY chimeras. Methods:The medical records of 45, X/46, XY karyotype or its variant in Jiangxi Children′s Hospital from January 2013 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively and analyze the gonadal phenotype and oleculardetection of 45, X/46, YX karyotype.Results:Among the 30 patients with 45, X/46, XY karyotype or its variant, the age of treatment was under 18 years old, with 11 males and 19 females.Fourteen of the patients had undergone prophylactic gonadectomy.Six male cases of unilateral testis and contralateral striated gonads were detected.Pathological section suggested that the gonadal tissue contained testis and ovary in 3 cases, adrenal gland tissue with translocation in 2 cases, and bilateral striated gonad in 8 cases, and both sexes were female.Pathological section indicated that the gonad tissue contained both epididymis and ovary tissue in 1 case, and gonadoblastoma in 1 case.There were 1 case of ovarian dysplasia with granulomatous hyperplasia and 1 case with proliferative nevus cells (mixed nevus). No follicle was found in all patients with B-ultrasound and pathological sections.Among the 11 male children, 5 cases were positive by SRY gene detection.Seven cases by Y chromosome microdeletion detection displayed that 3 cases had partial Y chromosome deletion and 4 cases had no deletion; 10 cases among 19 cases of social gender female patients were detected by SRY gene detection and 9 cases were positive and 1 case was negative; 7 cases were detected by Y chromosome microdeletion and the results are 2 cases with Y chromosome partial deletion, 4 cases with Y chromosome no deletion and 1 case with Y chromosome whole deletion. Conclusions:Most patients with 45, X/46, XY chimera have abnormal gonadal tissue, which has the risk of gonadal tumor, especially among female patients.Most patients had positive SRY gene and had no or partial deletion of Y chromosome.In view of the increased risk of gonadal tumors in these patients, early prophylactic gonadectomy is recommended.

Neuroimaging of cerebrovascular disease / 中华神经科杂志

Neuroimaging technique is an important auxiliary to the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. With the rapid development of new imaging equipment and its technology, how to use and analyze the results correctly is very important for precision diagnosis and treatment. From a clinical perspective, we introduce the principle, characteristics and significance of clinical application of imaging for cerebrovascular diseases. To help understand and correctly apply and analyze, associated images are available. At the same time, the application and significance of multimodal image are introduced.

Application of 256-slice CT coronary angiography in postoperative evaluation of graft patency after coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of 256-slice CT coronary angiography(CTA)in evaluating graft patency after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)in elderly patients.Methods:A total of 30 elderly patients under follow-up after CABG surgery in our hospital from May 2016 to May 2018 were randomly selected.During the same period, coronary angiography(CAG)and 256-slice CTA were performed to evaluate the patency of grafts.The diagnostic efficacy of CTA in evaluating the patency of bypass grafts was assessed by using CAG results as the gold standard.Results:In all, 82 grafts were observed on CAG, of which 31 were arterial grafts and 51 were saphenous vein grafts(SVG). Arterial grafts involved 27 original left internal mammary arteries(LIMA)→left anterior descending branch(LAD)grafts, 1 original right internal mammary artery(RIMA)→LAD graft, 1 aorta(AO)→LIMA→LAD graft, and 2 AO→radial arteries(RA)→right coronary artery(RCA)grafts.Venous grafts involved 9 AO→SVG→LAD grafts, 20 AO→SVG→left circumflex artery(LCX)grafts, and 22 AO→SVG→RCA grafts.CAG results showed that 28 arterial grafts were unobstructed with a patency rate of 90.3%, while 3 arterial grafts(9.7%)were occluded.Meanwhile, 34 venous grafts were unobstructed with a patency rate of 66.7%, 11 venous grafts(21.6%)had stenosis and 6 grafts(11.8%)were occluded.A total of 87 grafts were observed by using CTA.Based on the results from CAG, the overall sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value of CTA for the assessment of grafts were 95.1%, 97.6% and 0.93, respectively.The sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value of CTA were 96.8%, 95.0% and 0.90 for assessing unobstructed grafts, 81.8%, 97.2% and 0.79 for assessing stenosed grafts, and 100%, 98.6%, and 0.94 for assessing occluded grafts, respectively.Conclusions:256-slice CT coronary angiography can be used to accurately evaluate graft status and possesses advantages such as non-invasiveness, simplicity and low risk.Therefore, it should be recommended as the first choice in the evaluation of graft patency after CABG in elderly patients.

20()-Protopanaxatriol promotes the binding of P53 and DNA to regulate the antitumor network multiomic analysis

Although the tumor suppressor P53 is known to regulate a broad network of signaling pathways, it is still unclear how certain drugs influence these P53 signaling networks. Here, we used a comprehensive single-cell multiomics view of the effects of ginsenosides on cancer cells. Transcriptome and proteome profiling revealed that the antitumor activity of ginsenosides is closely associated with P53 protein. A miRNA-proteome interaction network revealed that P53 controlled the transcription of at least 38 proteins, and proteome-metabolome profiling analysis revealed that P53 regulated proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism and "Warburg effect". The results of integrative multiomics analysis revealed P53 protein as a potential key target that influences the anti-tumor activity of ginsenosides. Furthermore, by applying affinity mass spectrometry (MS) screening and surface plasmon resonance fragment library screening, we confirmed that 20()-protopanaxatriol directly targeted adjacent regions of the P53 DNA-binding pocket and promoted the stability of P53-DNA interactions, which further induced a series of omics changes.

Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass versus off-pump coronary artery bupass grafting on platelet inhibition rate and Aspirin resistance after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)on platelet inhibition rate(INHAA) and Aspirin resistance (AR) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)surgery.Methods A total of 114 patients undergoing CABG surgery were divided into two groups:on-pump group(n=54)and off-pump group(n=60).Aspirin treatment(100 mg/d)was paused 7 days before surgery and continued 6 hours after surgery.INHAA was detected and calculated by using thrombelastography(TEG)at 6 hours after taking the last dose of aspirin before surgery(T0),12 hours (T1),5 days(T2),10 days (T3) and 15 days (T4) after surgery respectively.The incidence of AR was calculated.Results There was no significant difference in the overall INHAA between the two groups of on vs.off-pump(F =0.336,P =0.563),while the differences of INHAA index at each time point was statistically significant between two groups of on vs.off-pump(F =95.519,P =0.000).There was an interaction effect of timing and grouping(F =15.500,P =0.000).In comparison of INHAA between the two groups of on vs.off-pump at each time point,INHAA was higher in on-pump group than in off-pump group at T1 (P＜0.05),while INHAAbecame lower in on-pump group than in off-pump group at T2 (P＜0.05),and there was no statistical difference in INHAAbetween the two groups at T3 and T4 (P ＞0.05).In the on-pump group,the total difference of INHAA at different time points was significant (P＜0.05),and the INHAA was lower at T2 than at T1,T3,T4 (P＜0.05).In the off-pump group,the total difference of INHAA between different time points was significant(P＜0.05),and the INHAA was lower at T1 than at T2,T3,T4 (P＜0.05).In comparison of AR incidence after CABG surgery between two groups of on vs.off-pump at each time point,the incidence of AR was lower in on-pump group than in off-pump group at T1 (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no statistical significance between two groups of on vs.off-pump at T2,T3 and T4 (P＞0.05).In comparison of AR incidence after CABG surgery between two groups of on vs.off-pump at each time point,the incidence of AR was lower in on-pump group than in off-pump group at T1 (P ＜0.05),while there were no statistical significance between two groups of on vs.off-pump at T2,T3 and T4 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The increase of platelet inhibition rate and aspirin resistance occurs in early period after CABG surgery.The platelet inhibition rate is higher and aspirin resistance rate is lower in on-pump group than in off-pump group at 12 h after surgery,and the platelet inhibition rate is lower at 5 days after CABG surgery in on-pump group than in off-pump group.CPB has little effect on the platelet inhibition rate and on the incidence of AR after 5 days of CABG surgery.

Antagonistic effect of platelet-rich plasma on photo-aged skin in rat / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To observe the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on photoaging skin of rat.Methods F344 rats were used as model animals and skin photoaging model was established by UV irradiation.The model animals were divided into 5 groups:group A was injected with activated PRP (A-PRP);group B was injected with inactive PRP (N-PRP);group C was injected with normal saline;group D was irradiated only with UV;Four weeks after the injection,the appearance and histological characteristics of the rat's skin were evaluated.Results Compared with group C and group D,the wrinkles and skin color in group A and group B were significantly improved.Histological observation showed that the histological features of group A and group B were significantly better than that of group C and D (P＜0.01).The thickness of dermis in group A was higher than that in group B (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between groups C and D (P＞0.05).The thickness of dermis in group E was significantly higher than that in group C (P＜0.01).Conclusions Injection of PRP can improve the appearance and histological features of photo-aged skin in rats.A-PRP is better than N-PRP.

Effects of Yiqi Huayu Granules on Gastrointestinal Motility of Mice and Blood Rheology of Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Yiqi huayu granules on gastrointestinal motility of gastrointestinal motili-ty disorder model mice and blood rheology of acute blood stasis model rats,and to provide experimental evidence for clinical use of it. METHODS:50 ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,mosapride group(positive control chemi-cal drug,0.003 g/kg),Muxiang shunqi pills group(positive control TCM,0.36 g/kg)and Yiqi huayu granules group(2.4 g/kg), with 10 mice in each group. Treatment groups were given relevant medicine solution intragastrically,once a day,for a week;nor-mal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically. Those groups fasted for 24 h after last medication,and then were given above medicine intragastrically;1 h later,they were given atropine sulfate intragastrically to induce gastrointestinal mo-tility disorder model except for normal control group. The stomach residue rate and intestinal propulsive rate of mice were mea-sured. 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Compound danshen tablet group(positive control,1.0 g/kg)and Yiqi huayu granules high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups(2.4,1.2,0.6 g/kg),with 10 rats in each group. Nor-mal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically,and treatment groups were given relevant medicine,once a day,for a week. 1 h after last medication,those groups were given adrenaline intraperitoneally+aqua astricta. to induce acute blood stasis model except for normal group. The whole blood viscosity(high-shearing,middle-shearing,low-shearing),plasma viscosity, 1,3,5 min platelet aggregation rate ,hematocrit and maximal platelet aggregation rate were all detected in rats. RESULTS:Com-pared with normal group,stomach residue rate of mice in model group was increased significantly(P<0.01),while intestinal pro-pulsive rate was decreased significantly(P<0.01). The whole blood viscosity(high-shearing,middle-shearing,low-shearing),plas-ma viscosity,hematocrit,1,3,5 min platelet aggregation rate and maximal platelet aggregation rate of rats were all increased sig-nificantly in model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group,above indexes of mice/rats were all improved significantly in treatment groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Yiqi huayu granules can significantly promote the function of gastrointes-tinal peristalsis and anticoagulation.

Study on the Anti-inflammatory,Antalgic Effects and Irritation of Fuyan Suppository / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-inflammatory,antalgic effects and irritation of Fuyan suppository. METHODS:Mouse auricle swelling test(Fuyan suppository 4.5,3.0 and 1.5 g/kg for administration)and mouse vola pedis swelling test(5 min and 0.5,1,4,6 h)were employed to study the anti-inflammatory effect of Fuyan suppository. Mouse writhing response test(Fuy-an suppository 4.5,3.0 and 1.5 g/kg) was used to study the antalgic effect. Rabbit vagina mucosa irritation test was adopted to study the vaginal irritation(Fuyan suppository 1.0 g/rabbit,once daily for one week). RESULTS:Fuyan suppository at a dose of 4.5,3.0 or 1.5 g/kg could inhibit auricle swelling of mice and reduce the times of mice’s writhing response. 3.0 g/kg Fuyan suppos-itory could,at 0.5-6 h from administration,inhibit vola pedis swelling of mice and be nonirritating to the rabbit’s vagina. CON-CLUSIONS:Fuyan suppository has better anti-inflammatory and antalgic effects and is nonirritating to the rabbit’s vagina. Theoreti-cally,vaginal administration of Fuyan suppository can be considered as safe.

Bioinformatics analysis of microRNAs differently expressed in major depression disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To predict the target genes and function of has-miR-26b,has-miR-1972,has-miR4485,has-miR-4498,and has-miR-4743 by bioinformatics analysis,and provide the theoretical basis for the further research.Methods The targets of the five microRNAs were predicted by Target Scan,miRBD,and DIANA-microT-CDS,and the result were analyzed by gene ontology and pathway analysis using FunNet.Results 734 predicted targets were obtained by finding the intersected genes of Target Scan,miRBD,and DIANA-microT-CDS.GO analysis showed that biological processes regulated by the differentially expressed microRNAs included diverse terms,among which some terms (e.g.,central nervous system development,neuron differentiation,axonogenesis,synaptic transmission,learning,and memory,etc.) had direct relationship with the central nervous system and brain functions.The pathway analysis showed that a significant enrichment in several pathways related to neuronal brain function,such as axon guidance,glutamatergic synapse,Wnt signaling pathway,mTOR signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,etc.Among the five microRNAs,has-miR-26b,has-miR-1972,has-miR-4498 might have more important regulatory functions.Conclusion Bioinformatic analysis indicates that has-miR-26b,has-miR-1972,has-miR-4485,has-miR-4498,and has-miR-4743 are closely related to the mechanism and pathogenesis of major depressive disorder.

Effect of Shuganlidanpaishiwan and its different extractive fractions on gallbladder motility of rabbits / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Shuganlidanpaishiwan and its different extractive fractions on gallbladder motility of rabbits. Methods:Establishing 100 rabbit animal models,the rabbits were randomly divided into 10 groups:the low and high dose groups of Shuganlidanpaishiwan,methanolic extract,petroleum ether and ethylacetate,negative and positive control groups,to observe the gallbladder motility of every group of animals. Results:The contraction rate of gallbladder on 30th minute after Adm were(9.40?3.36) ,(10.00?2.00) ,(14.00?2.00) on high dose of Shuganlidanpaishiwan group,methanolice extract group and the low dose of petroleum ether group respectively,which were significantly higher than that of control group. Conclusion:Shuganlidanpaishiwan,methanolice extract and petroleum ether extract could improve the gallbladder contractility.

The combined use of pedicle flap from both prepuce and scrotum for the treatment of scrotal hypospadias / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To present the experience of repairing advanced scrotal hypospadias with the combined use of tubed transverse preputial island flap (Duckett) and inversed scrotal raphe flap urethroplasty. Methods 19 cases were operated on with repairing distal urethral tube by Duckett preputial island flap and scrotal raphe flap urethroplasty with suturing together the adjoining ends of the two tubes on an oblique plane.The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 12 years. The length of urethroplasty was 5～9 cm. Results All the cases were followed up for 6 months to 4 years. 17 cases recovered fully on one stage operation. 2 were complicated by urethral fistula. Conclusions The results are satisfactory.The use of a casing tube is reasonable and nontraumatic.

Reform of Chinese Traditional Medication Decoction Pieces:Importance and Prospects / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the importance and prospects of the reforming of the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces. METHODS: The advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of decoction pieces(categorized by particle diameter) in preparation, application and management were analyzed comprehensively. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Comminuting and extracting are two basic approaches for the current reform of the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces, and the reform of the decoction pieces is mainly aimed at nano-Chinese medicinal decoction pieces.